我国古迹龙门石窟位于哪个城市
龙门石窟位于河南省洛阳市，是世界上造像最多、规模最大的石刻艺术宝库，被联合国科教文组织评为中国石刻艺术的最高峰，位居中国各大石窟之首，现为世界文化遗产、全国重点文物保护单位、国家AAAAA级旅游景区。
龙门由大禹治水中所开凿，鱼跃龙门的传说亦发生于此。其石窟则始凿于北魏孝文帝年间，盛于唐，终于清末。历经10多个朝代陆续营造长达1400余年，是世界上营造时间最长的石窟。建造时采用了大量彩绘，今多已褪色。密布于伊水东西两山的峭壁上，南北长达1公里，现存洞窟像龛2345个，造像11万余尊，与莫高窟、云冈石窟并称中国三大石窟。
龙门石窟使石窟艺术呈现出了中国化的趋势，是中国石窟艺术的里程碑，又经历天竺、新罗、吐火罗、康国等国家营造，发现有欧洲纹样、古希腊石柱等，堪称全世界国际化水平最高的石窟。
龙门石窟位于我国哪个省？
龙门石窟这个景点位于河南省境内。北魏孝文帝登基之后因为觉得将都城设在位置偏北的平城不利于统治，于是便想要迁都。在精心挑选了一番之后孝文帝决定将洛阳定为新都城。之所以选择洛阳一是因为它地处中原，二是因为洛阳环境秀丽，气候宜人。在洛阳郊外一处名为龙门的地方景色最为吸引人，这其中便有“龙门石窟”的一份功劳。龙门石窟开凿于孝文帝迁都的前几年，不过当时的规模并不似现如今这般大。在现存的龙门石窟景点中，其中修建于北魏时期的洞窟主要集中在西山石窟这一景点中。西山石窟共包含五十多个大小不等的洞窟，其中历史最悠久的古阳洞、花费24年时间才建成的宾阳中洞以及莲花洞、皇甫公窟等洞窟都是在北魏时期建造的。除此之外，龙门石窟中一处名为香山寺的景点亦是诞生于北魏时期。如果按照现存的龙门石窟的规模来算的话，北魏时期建造的洞窟大概是其中的百分之三十，剩余一半以上均是在唐朝时期修建的。像归属于西山石窟景点的奉先寺就是唐朝时期的产物。奉先寺拥有整座龙门石窟中最具规模的摩崖型群雕，其制作工艺也是最为精湛的。再有就是东山石窟景点中的二十个洞窟则都是唐朝时期建造的，这其中不乏一些其它国家的造像的。龙门石窟虽然在唐朝得到了很大程度的扩张，但是也是在这个时期遭受了非常严重的破坏。唐武宗在位期间爆发了一场非常大规模的灭佛行动，存有诸多造像的龙门石窟也因该运动的进行而遭遇破坏。清末民初时期，因为战乱的缘故龙门石窟也多次遭遇盗凿以及毁坏。不过即便如此，龙门石窟依旧是目前世界上拥有最多造像的石窟。
怎样用英语描写龙门石窟中最大的石窟
The Longmen Grottoes are located in the south of Luoyang City.They are between Mount Xiang and Mount Longmen and face Yi River.Longmen Grottoes,Yungang Caves and Mogao Caves are regarded as the three most famous treasure houses of stone inscriptions in China.
The grottoes were started around the year 493 when Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534) moved the capital to Luoyang and were continuously built during the 400 years until the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127).The scenery measures 1,000 metres (about 1,094 yards) from north to south where there are over 2,300 holes and niches,2,800 steles,40 dagobas,1,300 caves and 100,000 statues.Most of them are the works of the Northern Wei Dynasty and the flourishing age of the Tang Dynasty (618-907).Lots of historical materials concerning art,music,religion,calligraphy,medicine,costume and architecture are kept in Longmen Grottoes.
Fengxian Temple
Fengxian Temple was built in the Tang Dynasty and it is the largest grotto in Longmen Temple with a width of 36 metres (about 118 feet) and a length of 41 metres (about 136 feet).There are nine major figures of various facial appearances and temperaments in the temple that were built in accordance with the Buddhist rite and their relationships by the artists.
The most impressive figure is the statue of Vairocana Buddha sitting cross-legged on the eight-square lotus throne.It is 17.14 metres (about 56.23 feet) in total height with the head four metres (about 13 feet) in height and the ears 1.9 metres (about 6.2 feet) in length.Vairocana means illuminating all things in the sutra.The Buddha has a well-filled figure,a sacred and kindly expression and an elegant smile.According to the record on the epigraph,the Empress Wu Zetian together with her subjects took part in the ceremony of Introducing the Light (a Buddhist blessing that the Buddha opens the spiritual light of himself and shares it with others).
At the sides of Vairocana there are two statues of Vairocana Buddha's disciples,Kasyapa and Ananda,wearing prudent and devout expressions.The figures of Bodhisattvas and devas can also be found in the temple.Some have dignified and genial expressions,while others are majestic and fiery.The various appearances and delicate designs are the representations of Empire Tang's powerful material and spiritual strength as well as the high crystallization of people's wisdoms.
Wanfo Cave
The Longmen Grottoes (ch.龙门石窟,lóngmén shíkū; lit.Dragon's Gate Grottoes) or Longmen Caves are located 12 km south of present day Luòyáng in Hénán province,China.The grottoes,which overwhelmingly depict Buddhist subjects,are densely dotted along the two mountains:Xiangshan (to the east) and Longmenshan (to the west).The Yi River flows northward between them.For this reason,the area used to be called Yique (The Gate of the Yi River).From north to south,the distance covered by grottoes is about one km.Along with the Mogao Caves and Yungang Grottoes,the Longmen Grottoes are one of the three most famous ancient sculptural sites in China.There are over 2100 niches,more than 100,000 statues,some 40 pagodas and 3600 tablets and steles in the caves of Guyang,Binyang and Lianhua.
Wanfo Cave,completed in 680,is a typical chronological cave of the Tang Dynasty of two rooms and square flat roofs.Its name is due to the 15,000 small statues of Buddha chiseled in the southern and northern walls of the cave.The main Buddha Amida sits on the lotus Sumeru throne,having a composed and solemn face.The wall behind Amida is carved with 54 lotuses upon which there are 54 Bodhisattvas in different shapes and with various expressions.
In addition,there are lifelike reliefs of pretty and charming singers and dancers on the wall.The singers are accompanied by various kinds of instruments and the dancers dance lightly and gracefully to the music.The whole model in the cave has created a lively and cheerful atmosphere.On the southern wall outside the cave is carved a statue of Kwan-yin of 85 centimetres (about 33 inches) in height,holding a pure bottle in the left hand and deer's tails (as a symbol of brushing off the dust in spirit) in the right hand.This figure is well designed and is regarded as an example of Bodhisattva statues of Tang Dynasty in Longmen.
