大堡礁英文
大堡礁Great Barrier Reef 大堡礁网络释义Cairns ; Barrier Reef ; The Great Barrier Reef ; GBR ; coral reef ; Great Barrier Reef更多双语例句他们出海去大堡礁。They were outward bound for the Great Barrier Reef.牛津词典我们现在看到的大堡礁相对年轻。The Barrier Reef we see today is comparatively young.www.kekenet.com大堡礁是我们星球上最大的珊瑚礁。The Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral reef on our planet.www.kekenet.com远离大堡礁，海龟也会被捕食。Away from the Great Barrier Reef, sea turtles are caught to eat.www.kekenet.com那就是位于大堡礁最北边的雷恩岛。In the far north of the Great Barrier Reef is the Rain Island.www.kekenet.com
学习外语有什么好处!
学习外语好处很多，可以和外国人自由交流，获得工作的机会，也是出国留学必不可少的条件。 我从小学三年级就开始学习英语，虽然一直还算比较认真，但是因为疏于持续性练习，缺乏语感和语言环境，所以一直坚持到大学考了四六级证书之后，就没有再继续深入学习了，感觉非常的遗憾，但是我始终认为学习外语的作用非常巨大。有成就感 能够熟练的掌握一门外语，尤其是能够和外国人熟练的交流，是非常让自己有满足和成就感的。 读高中的时候，我们县城有对外国夫妻来旅游，他们两个的中文也很差（估计和我当时的英语水平差不多），因为不熟悉路线就在路边询问，结果一堆人都不能帮忙。我和几个同学从那里经过，因为穿着校服，结果路边热心的大爷就给老外指着我们，说那些学生懂英语，你可以问他们。幸好当时我们的英语教材已经学习了基本的问路和回答，所以配合着蹩脚的英语和简单的手势，好歹给外国友人指好了路。末了，那个男的还竖起大拇指说：very good！也不知道是在夸奖我们的英语，还是感谢我们帮他俩解决了问题，反正我们当时是挺有成就感的，感觉总算是对得起自己学生的身份了。就业的机会 现在很多公司，特别是涉外的以及外国的分公司，在招聘的时候都很重视英语口语，当然你能熟练的掌握其他外语也可以，所以掌握外语意味着你能够获得更多的就业机会，获得更好的平台和薪资待遇。 我老婆去亚马逊应聘报关员的时候，对英语的要求就很高，要求熟练掌握口语和能用英语发邮件，我老婆的英语水平也就一般，本来过不了的，幸好有个领导是前公司跳槽的，在她帮助下才顺利的过关。要是真的要考英语，我老婆这份工作就没戏了，可见掌握一门外语有多重要。出国留学 我们都知道，要去欧美出国留学需要考雅思和托福，对英语要求很高，所以如果大家想去深造，那么学好外语是必备的。虽然我学习的专业就注定了不用出国（汉语言文学专业），但还是希望自己的孩子以后有机会出去闯一闯，所以我现在要求他必须要把外语学好。 无论在任何时候，能够熟练的掌握外语，对我们的好处都是非常多的，希望大家要重视外语的学习，如果自己没有机会了，也要让孩子努力学好。
大堡礁岛的英文简介
The Great Barrier Reef is not just one reef but actually a series of over 2,000 reefs stretching for more than 2,300 kilometres. It is the world’s largest coral reef. since coral reefs are also in shallow water, you can actually see them from above the water! All along the Great Barrier Reef, the color of the coral reef changes as does the color of the water, which varies from a green to a blue color.The Great Barrier Reef stretches more than 2,000 kilometres along the Queensland coast, the east coast of Australia, from the mainland towns of Port Douglas to Bundaberg. The Great Barrier Reef system consists of more than 3000 reefs which range in size from 1 hectare to over 10,000 hectares in area.You can swim, snorkel, dive and sail the World Heritage-listed Great Barrier Reef, a living masterpiece so big that it can be seen from outer space.
great barrier reef是哪个国家的
1.澳大利亚的大堡礁——Great Barrier Reef2.世界上有一个最大最长的珊瑚礁群,它就是有名的大堡礁——Great Barrier Reef。它纵贯蜿蜒于澳洲的东海岸,全长2011公里,最宽处161公里。南端最远离海3.岸241公里,北端离海岸仅16公里。在落潮时,部分的珊瑚礁露出水面形成珊瑚岛。它是世界最大的珊瑚礁区，延伸于澳大利亚东北岸外，长逾2,000公里(1,250哩)，距岸16～160公里(10～100哩)，由数千个相互隔开的礁体组成。
greatbarrierreef是什么意思
Great Barrier Reef一般指大堡礁（位于澳大利亚东岸的堡礁）
大堡礁（英文：The Great Barrier Reef），是世界最大最长的珊瑚礁群，位于南半球，它纵贯于澳洲的东北沿海，北从托雷斯海峡，南到南回归线以南，绵延伸展共有2011公里，最宽处161公里。有2900个大小珊瑚礁岛，自然景观非常特殊。大堡礁的南端离海岸最远有241公里，北端较靠近，最近处离海岸仅16公里。在落潮时，部分的珊瑚礁露出水面形成珊瑚岛。在礁群与海岸之间是一条极方便的交通海路。风平浪静时，游船在此间通过，船下连绵不断的多彩、多形的珊瑚景色，就成为吸引世界各地游客来猎奇观赏的最佳海底奇观。1981年列入世界自然遗产名录。
大堡礁（Great Barrier Reef Queensland, Australia）英文介绍
转自维基百科
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Barrier_Reef
维基有中文版的如果LZ需要自己搜索下 中文版维基在大陆属于非法的 我就不帮贴出来了
The Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest coral reef system,[1][2] composed of roughly 3,000 individual reefs and 900 islands stretching for 2,600 kilometres (1,616 mi) over an area of approximately 344,400 square kilometres (132,974 sq mi).[3][4] The reef is located in the Coral Sea, off the coast of Queensland in northeast Australia.
The Great Barrier Reef can be seen from outer space and is the world's biggest single structure made by living organisms.[5] This reef structure is composed of and built by billions of tiny organisms, known as coral polyps.[6] The Great Barrier Reef supports a wide diversity of life, and was selected as a World Heritage Site in 1981.[1][2] CNN has labelled it one of the seven natural wonders of the world.[7] The Queensland National Trust has named it a state icon of Queensland.[8]
A large part of the reef is protected by the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, which helps to limit the impact of human use, such as overfishing and tourism. Other environmental pressures to the reef and its ecosystem include water quality from runoff, climate change accompanied by mass coral bleaching, and cyclic outbreaks of the crown-of-thorns starfish.
Physiography
The Great Barrier Reef is a distinct physiographic province of the larger East Australian Cordillera division.[citation needed] It encompasses the smaller Murray Islands physiographic section.[citation needed]
Geology and geography
Satellite image of part of the Great Barrier Reef adjacent to the Queensland coastal areas of Proserpine and Mackay.Australia moved northwards at a rate of 7 cm per year, starting during the Cainozoic.[9] Eastern Australia experienced a period of tectonic uplift, leading to the drainage divide in Queensland moving 400 km inland. Also during this time, Queensland experienced volcanic eruptions leading to central and shield volcanoes and basalt flows.[10] Some of these granitic outcrops have become high islands.[11] After the Coral Sea Basin was formed, coral reefs began to grow in the Basin, but until about 25 million years ago, northern Queensland was still in temperate waters south of the tropics - too cool to support coral growth.[12] The history of the development of the Great Barrier Reef is complex; after Queensland drifted into tropical waters, the history is largely influenced by how reefs fluctuate (grow and recede) as the sea level changes.[13] They can increase in diameter from 1 to 2 centimetres per year, and grow vertically anywhere from 1 to 15 centimetres (0.4–12 in) per year; however, they are limited to growing above a depth of 150 metres (492 ft) due to their need for sunlight, and cannot grow above sea level.[14] The land that formed the substrate of the current Great Barrier Reef was a coastal plain formed from the eroded sediments of the Great Dividing Range with some larger hills (some of which were themselves remnants of older reefs[15] or volcanoes[11]).[9] When Queensland moved into tropical waters 24 million years ago, some coral grew,[16] but a sedimentation regime quickly developed with erosion of the Great Dividing Range; creating river deltas, oozes and turbidites, which would have been unsuitable conditions for coral growth. 10 million years ago, the sea level significantly lowered, which further enabled the sedimentation.[17]
The Reef Research Centre, a Cooperative Research Centre, has found coral 'skeleton' deposits that date back half a million years.[18]The GBRMPA considers the earliest evidence to suggest complete reef structures to have been 600,000 years ago.[19]
According to the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, the current, living reef structure is believed to have begun growing on the older platform about 20,000 years ago.[19] The Australian Institute of Marine Science agrees, which places the beginning of the growth of the current reef at the time of the Last Glacial Maximum. At around that time, the sea level was 120 metres (394 ft) lower than it is today.
Heron Island, a coral cay in the southern Great Barrier Reef.From 20,000 years ago until 6,000 years ago, the sea level rose steadily. As it rose, the corals could then grow higher on the hills of the coastal plain. By around 13,000 years ago the sea level was 60 metres (197 ft) lower than the present day, and corals began to grow around the hills of the coastal plain, which were, by then, continental islands. As the sea level rose further still, most of the continental islands were submerged. The corals could then overgrow the hills, to form the present cays and reefs. Sea level on the Great Barrier Reef has not risen significantly in the last 6,000 years.[15]The CRC Reef Research Centre estimates the age of the present, living reef structure at 6,000 to 8,000 years old.[18]
The remains of an ancient barrier reef similar to the Great Barrier Reef can be found in The Kimberley, a northern region of Western Australia.[20]
The Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area has been divided into 70 bioregions,[21] of which 30 are reef bioregions,[22] and 40 are non-reef bioregions.[23][24] In the northern part of the Great Barrier Reef, ribbon reefs and deltaic reefs have formed; these structures are not found in the rest of the Great Barrier Reef system.[18] There are no atolls in the system,[25] and reefs attached to the mainland are rare.[9]
Fringing reefs are distributed widely, but are most common towards the southern part of the Great Barrier Reef, attached to high islands, for example, the Whitsunday Islands. Lagoonal reefs are also found in the southern Great Barrier Reef, but there are some of these found further north, off the coast of Princess Charlotte Bay. Cresentic reefs are the most common shape of reef in the middle of the Great Barrier Reef system, for example the reefs surrounding Lizard Island. Cresentic reefs are also found in the far north of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, and in the Swain Reefs (20-22 degrees South). Planar reefs are found in the northern and southern parts of the Great Barrier Reef, near Cape York, Princess Charlotte Bay, and Cairns. Most of the islands on the reef are found on planar reefs.[26]
Ecology
Green sea turtle on the Great Barrier ReefThe Great Barrier Reef supports a diversity of life, including many vulnerable or endangered species, some of which may be endemic to the reef system.[27][28]
Thirty species of whales, dolphins, and porpoises have been recorded in the Great Barrier Reef, including the dwarf minke whale, Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin, and the humpback whale. Large populations of dugongs live there.[29][30][28]
Six species of sea turtles come to the reef to breed – the green sea turtle, leatherback sea turtle, hawksbill turtle, loggerhead sea turtle, flatback turtle, and the olive ridley. The green sea turtles on the Great Barrier Reef have two genetically distinct populations, one in the northern part of the reef and the other in the southern part.[31] Fifteen species of seagrass in beds attract the dugongs and turtles,[29] and provide a habitat for fish.[32] The most common genera of seagrasses are Halophila and Halodule.[33]
Salt water crocodiles live in mangrove and saltmarshes on the coast near the reef.[34]Nesting has not been reported, and the salt water crocodile population in the GBRWHA is wide-ranging and with a low population density.[35] Around 125 species of shark, stingray, skates or chimera live on the reef,[36][37] including the irukandji jellyfish. Close to 5,000 species of mollusc have been recorded on the reef, including the giant clam and various nudibranchs and cone snails.[29] Forty-nine species of pipefish and nine species of seahorse have been recorded.[35] At least seven species of frog can be found on the islands.[38]
215 species of birds (including 22 species of seabirds and 32 species of shorebirds) are attracted to the reef or nest or roost on the islands,[39] including the white-bellied sea eagle and roseate tern.[29] Most nesting sites are on islands in the northern and southern regions of the Great Barrier Reef, with 1.4-1.7 million birds using the sites to breed.[40][41] The islands of the Great Barrier Reef also support 2,195 known plant species; three of these are endemic. The northern islands have 300-350 plant species which tend to be woody, whereas the southern islands have 200 which tend to be herbaceous; the Whitsunday region is the most diverse, supporting 1,141 species. The plant species are spread by birds.[38]
Seventeen species of sea snake live on the Great Barrier Reef. They take three or four years to reach sexual maturity and are long-lived but with low fertility. They are usually benthic, but the species that live on the soft sediment differ from those that live on the reefs themselves. They live in warm waters up to 50 metres (164 ft) deep and are more common in the southern than in the northern part of the reef. None of the sea snakes found in the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area are endemic to the reef, nor are any of them endangered.[35]
More than 1,500 species of fish live on the reef, including the clownfish, red bass, red-throat emperor, and several species of snapper and coral trout.[29] Forty-nine species are known to mass spawn, with eighty-four other species found on the reef spawning elsewhere in their range.[42]
There are at least 330 species of ascidians found on the reef system, ranging in size from 1 mm-10 cm in diameter. Between 300-500 species of bryozoans are found on the reef system.[37]
Four hundred species of corals, both hard corals and soft corals are found on the reef.[29] The majority of these spawn gametes, breeding in mass spawning events that are controlled by the rising sea temperatures of spring and summer, the lunar cycle, and the diurnal cycle. Reefs in the inner Great Barrier Reef spawn during the week after the full moon in October, but the outer reefs spawn in November and December.[43] The common soft corals on the Great Barrier Reef belong to 36 genera.[44] Five hundred species of marine algae or seaweed live on the reef,[29] including thirteen species of the genus Halimeda, which deposit calcareous mounds up to 100 m wide, creating mini-ecosystems on their surface which have been compared to rainforest cover.[45]
Environmental threats
Main article: Environmental threats to the Great Barrier Reef
Bioerosion (coral damage) such as this may be caused by coral bleaching.[46]The most significant threat to the Great Barrier Reef is climate change.[47][48] Mass coral bleaching events due to rising ocean temperatures occurred in of the summers of 1998, 2002 and 2006,[49] and coral bleaching will likely become an annual occurrence.[50] A draft report by the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change states that the Great Barrier Reef is at grave risk and will be "functionally extinct" by 2030.[50] Climate change has implications for other forms of life on the Great Barrier Reef as well - some fish's preferred temperature range lead them to seek new areas to live, thus causing chick mortality in seabirds that prey on the fish. Climate change will also affect the population and available habitat of sea turtles.[51]
Sea Temperature and Bleaching of the Great Barrier ReefAnother key threat faced by the Great Barrier Reef is pollution and declining water quality. The rivers of north eastern Australia provide significant pollution of the Reef during tropical flood events with over 90% of this pollution being sourced from farms.[52] Farm run-off is polluted as a result of overgrazing and excessive fertiliser and pesticide use. Due to the range of human uses made of the water catchment area adjacent to the Great Barrier Reef, water quality has declined owing to the sediment and chemical runoff from farming, and to loss of coastal wetlands which are a natural filter.[53][54][55] It is thought that the mechanism behind poor water quality affecting the reefs is due to increased light and oxygen competition from algae.[56]
Crown-of-thorns starfishThe crown-of-thorns starfish is a coral reef predator which preys on coral polyps. Large outbreaks of these starfish can devastate reefs. In 2000, an outbreak contributed to a loss of 66% of live coral cover on sampled reefs in a study by the CRC Reefs Research Centre.[57] Outbreaks are believed to occur in natural cycles, exacerbated by poor water quality and overfishing of the starfish's predators.[57][58]
The unsustainable overfishing of keystone species, such as the Giant Triton, can cause disruption to food chains vital to life on the reef. Fishing also impacts the reef through increased pollution from boats, by-catch of unwanted species (such as dolphins and turtles) and reef habitat destruction from trawling, anchors and nets.[59] As of the middle of 2004, approximately one-third of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park is protected from species removal of any kind, including fishing, without written permission.[60]
Other threats to the Great Barrier Reef include shipping accidents, oil spills, and tropical cyclones.
Human use
The Great Barrier Reef has long been known to and utilised by the Aboriginal Australian and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Aboriginal Australians have been living in the area from at least 40,000 years ago,[61] and Torres Strait Islanders since about 10,000 years ago.[62] For these 70 or so clan groups, the reef is also an important part of their culture and spirituality.[63]
The reef first became known to Europeans when the HM Bark Endeavour, captained by explorer James Cook, ran aground there on June 11, 1770, sustaining considerable damage. It was finally saved after lightening the ship as much as possible and re-floating it during an incoming tide.[64] One of the most famous wrecks was that of the HMS Pandora, which sank on August 29, 1791, killing 35. The Queensland Museum has been leading archaeological digs to the Pandora since 1983.[65] However, as there were no atolls on the reef system, it was largely unstudied in the 19th century.[25] During this time, some of the islands on the Great Barrier Reef were mined for deposits of guano, and lighthouses were built as beacons through the system,[66] as in Raine Island, the earliest example.[67] The Great Barrier Reef Committee was set up in 1922 which carried out much of the early research on the reef.[68]
Starfish on coral - typically, tourists photograph the natural beauty of the reef.
Management
Main article: Great Barrier Reef Marine Park
After the Royal Commissions' findings, in 1975 the Government of Australia created the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park and defined what activities were prohibited on the Great Barrier Reef.[69] The park is managed, in partnership with the Government of Queensland, through the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority to ensure that it is widely understood and used in a sustainable manner. A combination of zoning, management plans, permits, education and incentives (such as eco-tourism certification) are used in the effort to conserve the Great Barrier Reef.
In July 2004, a new zoning plan was brought into effect for the entire Marine Park, and has been widely acclaimed as a new global benchmark for the conservation of marine ecosystems.[70] The rezoning was based on the application of systematic conservation planning techniques, using the MARXAN software.[71] While protection across the Marine Park was improved, the highly protected zones increased from 4.5% to over 33.3%.[72] At the time, it was the largest marine protected area in the world, although as of 2006, the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands National Monument is the largest.[73]
In 2006, a review was undertaken of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Act 1975. Some recommendations of the review are that there should be no further zoning plan changes until 2013, and that every five years, a peer-reviewed Outlook Report should be published, examining the health of the Great Barrier Reef, the management of the reef, and environmental pressures.[4][74]
A scuba diver looking at a giant clam on the Great Barrier Reef
Tourism
Due to its vast biodiversity, warm clear waters and its accessibility from the floating guest facilities called 'live aboards', the reef is a very popular destination for tourists, especially scuba divers. Many cities along the Queensland coast offer daily boat trips to the reef. Several continental and coral cay islands have been turned into resorts, including the pristine resort island of Lady Elliot Island.
As the largest commercial activity in the region, it was estimated in 2003 that tourism in the Great Barrier Reef generates over AU$4 billion annually.[75] (A 2005 estimate puts the figure at AU$5.1 billion.[76]) Approximately two million people visit the Great Barrier Reef each year.[77] Although most of these visits are managed in partnership with the marine tourism industry, there are some very popular areas near shore (such as Green Island) that have suffered damage due to overfishing and land based run off.
A variety of boat tours and cruises are offered, from single day trips, to longer voyages. Boat sizes range from dinghies to superyachts.[78] Glass-bottomed boats and underwater observatories are also popular, as are helicopter flights. By far, the most popular tourist activities on the Great Barrier Reef are snorkelling and diving, for which pontoons are often used, and the area is often enclosed by nets. The outer part of the Great Barrier Reef is favoured for such activities, due to water quality.
Management of tourism in the Great Barrier Reef is geared towards making tourism ecologically sustainable. A daily fee is levied that goes towards research of the Great Barrier Reef.[76] This fee ends up being 20% of the GBRMPA's income.[79] Plans of management are also in place for the popular tourist destinations of Cairns and the Whitsunday Islands, which account for 85% of the tourism in the region.[76] Policies on cruise ships, bareboat charters, and anchorages limit the traffic on the Great Barrier Reef.[76]
Fishing
The fishing industry in the Great Barrier Reef, controlled by the Queensland Government, is worth AU$1 billion annually.[80] It employs approximately 2000 people, and fishing in the Great Barrier Reef is pursued commercially, for recreation, and as a traditional means for feeding one's family.[63] Wonky holes in the reef provide particularly productive fishing areas.
Great Barrier（大堡礁）
大堡礁（Great Barrier Reef Queensland, Australia）是世界上最大、最长的珊瑚礁区，是世界七大自然景观之一，也是澳大利亚人最引以为自豪的天然景观。又称为“透明清澈的海中野生王国”。
大堡礁位于澳大利亚东北部昆士兰省对开，是一处延绵2000公里的地段，它纵贯蜿蜒于澳大利亚东海岸，全长2011公里，最宽处161公里。南端最远离海岸241公里，北端离海岸仅16公里。在落潮时，部分的珊瑚礁露出水面形成珊瑚岛。这里景色迷人、险峻莫测，水流异常复杂，生存着400余种不同类型的珊瑚礁，其中有世界上最大的珊瑚礁，鱼类1500种，软体动物达4000余种，聚集的鸟类242种，有着得天独厚的科学研究条件，这里还是某些濒临灭绝的动物物种（如人鱼和巨型绿龟）的栖息地。
世界最大的珊瑚礁区。延伸於澳大利亚东北岸外，长逾2,000公里(1,250哩)，距岸16∼160公里(10∼100哩)，由数千个相互隔开的礁体组成。许多礁体在低潮时显露或稍被淹没，有的形成沙洲，有的环绕岛屿或镶附大陆岸边。是数百万年来由珊瑚虫的钙质硬壳与碎片堆积，并经珊瑚藻和群虫等生物遗体胶结而成。至少有350种色彩缤纷、形态多样的珊瑚，生长在浅水大陆棚的温暖海水中。据钻探，礁体之下是早第三纪陆相堆积，说明该地区原先位於海面以上。自早中新世以来，陆地下沉，间有数次回升。在海底礁坡上有多级阶地，相当於更新世冰川引起的海面变动的停顿期。礁区海底地形复杂，有穿过礁区与现代河口相连的许多谷地，这是古代陆上侵蚀产物。礁区海水温度季节变化小，表面水温高21∼38℃(70∼100℉)，向深处去温度变化不大。海水清澈，可清楚看到30公尺(100呎)深处的海底地形。礁区海洋生物丰富，有彩色斑斓、形状奇特的小鱼；还有宽1.2公尺、重90公斤的巨蛤和以珊瑚虫为食的海星。植物贫乏。养珠业发达，有对虾和扇贝繁殖区。大堡礁吸引著越来越多的旅游者。北昆士兰岸外建有水下观测站。有从大陆海滨城市到大堡礁的航线。其他资源有石灰、石英沙。最近发现石油，已开始测量和试钻。
令人不可思议的是，营造如此庞大"工程"的"建筑师"，是直径只有几毫米的腔肠动物珊瑚虫。珊瑚虫体态玲珑，色泽美丽，只能生活在全年水温保持在22-28度的水域，且水质必须洁净、透明度高。澳大利亚东北岸外大陆架海域正具备珊瑚虫繁衍生殖的理想条件。珊瑚虫以浮游生物为食，群体生活，能分泌出石灰质骨骼。老一代珊瑚虫死后留下遗骸，新一代继续发育繁衍，像树木抽枝发芽一样，向高处和两旁发展。如此年复一年，日积月累，珊瑚虫分泌的石灰质骨骼，连同藻类、贝壳等海洋生物残骸胶结一起，堆积成一个个珊瑚礁体。珊瑚礁的建造过程十分缓慢，在最好的条件下，礁体每年不过增厚3-4厘米。有的礁岩厚度已达数百米，说明这些"建筑师"们在此己经历了漫长的岁月。同时也说明，澳大利亚东北海岸地区在地质史上曾经历过沉陷过程，使追求阳光和食物的珊瑚不断向上增长。在大堡礁，有350多种珊瑚，无论形状、大小、颜色都极不相同，有些非常微小，有的可宽达2米。珊瑚千姿百态，有扇形、半球形、鞭形、鹿角形、树木和花朵状的。珊瑚栖息的水域颜色从白、青到蓝靛，绚丽多彩．珊瑚也有淡粉红、深玫瑰红、鲜黄、蓝相绿色，异常鲜艳。
[编辑本段]【地理位置】
大堡礁位于澳大利亚的昆土兰州以东，巴布亚湾与南回归线之间的热带海域，太平洋珊瑚海西部，绵延于澳大利亚东北海岸外的大陆架上，北面从托雷斯海峡起，向南直到弗雷泽岛附近，沿澳大利亚东北海岸线绵延2000余千米，东西宽20～240千米。大堡礁由三千个不同阶段的珊瑚礁、珊瑚岛、沙洲和泻湖组成，蔚为奇观。这个世界上景色最美、规模最大的珊瑚礁群，总面积达20.7万平方千米（另一资料：总面积达8万平方公里）。它北部排列呈链状，宽16至20公里；南部散布面宽达240公里。 北起托雷海峡，南至弗雷泽岛附近的大堡礁，长达2000余公里。其宽度由北部不足2公里，向南展宽至150公里以上，由大约2900多个大小岛礁组成，总面积达20.7万平方公里。大堡礁退潮时，约有8万公里的礁体露出水面，而涨潮时，大部分礁体被海水掩盖，只剩下600多个岛礁忽隐忽现。
[编辑本段]【水域】
大堡礁水域共约有大小岛屿600多个，其中以绿岛、丹客岛、磁石岛、海伦岛、哈米顿岛、琳德曼岛、蜥蜴岛、芬瑟岛等较为有名。大堡礁的一部分岛屿，其实是淹在海中的山脉顶峰。俯瞰大堡礁，犹如在汹涌澎湃的大海上绽放的碧绿的宝石一般。这些各有特色的岛屿现都已开辟为旅游区，每年都会吸引无数的游客。
[编辑本段]【气候】
大堡礁属热带气候，主要受南半球气流控制。由于这里自然条件适宜，无大风大浪，成了多种鱼类的栖息地，而在那里不同的月份还能看到不同的水生珍稀动物，让游客大饱眼福。
[编辑本段]【居民】
除土著人以外，白澳大利亚人也散居在附近岛屿。这里旅游业十分发达，并成为重要的经济来源。从古至今，大堡礁特别是它的北部区域，对居住在西北岸土著人和托雷斯岛屿居民的文化产生了重要的影响，此外，还有供人观赏的石画艺术馆和30多处著名的历史遗址，最早可追溯到1791年。
[编辑本段]【历史】
大堡礁形成于中新世时期，距今已有2500万年的历史。它的面积还在不断扩大。它是上次冰河时期后，海面上升到现在位置之后一万年来形成的。
大堡礁堪称地球上最美的“装饰品”，像一颗闪着天蓝、靛蓝、蔚蓝和纯白色光芒的明珠，即使在月球上远望也清晰可见。但是，当初首次目睹大堡礁的欧洲人未以丰富的词汇来描述它的美丽，颇令人费解这些欧洲人大部分是海员，可能他们脑子里想的是其他事情而忽略了大自然的美景。
1606年，西班牙人托雷斯在昆士兰北端受到暴风雨袭击，驶过托雷斯海峡（此海峡以他的姓氏命名）到过这里。1770年，英国船“努力”号在礁石和大陆之间搁浅，撞了个大洞，船长库克曾滞留于此。1789年布莱船长率领“邦提”号上忠于他的船员驶过激流翻滚的礁石来到了平静的水面。
“努力”号船上的植物学家班克斯看到大堡礁时惊讶不已。船修好后，他写道：“我们刚刚经过的这片礁石在欧洲和世界其他地方都是从未见过的，但在这儿见到了，这是一堵珊瑚墙，矗立在这深不可测的海洋里。”班克斯看到的大堡礁的“珊瑚墙”，是地球上最大的活珊瑚体。这在世界上是独一无二的。
大堡礁是世界上最有活力和最完整的生态系统。但其平衡也最脆弱。如在某方面受到威胁，对整个系统将是一种灾难。大堡礁禁得住大风大浪的袭击，当二十一世纪来临之际，最大的危险却来自现代的人类，土著在此渔猎已数个世纪，但是没有对大堡礁造成破坏。二十世纪，由于开采鸟粪，大量捕鱼捕鲸进行大规模的海参贸易和捕捞珠母等，已经使大堡礁伤痕累累。
现在澳大利亚已把这一地区辟为国家公园，制止了此类活动，并对旅游活动进行了控制。
[编辑本段]【景观】
灯塔
由于大堡礁地势险恶，因此周围建有大量的航标灯塔，有些已成为著名的历史遗址，而有的经过加固至今仍发挥着作用。这些航标灯塔在发挥导航作用的同时也成为一道观赏的景观。
百态珊瑚
大堡礁由400多种绚丽多彩的珊瑚组成，造型千姿百态，堡礁大部分没入水中，低潮时略露礁顶。从上空俯瞰，礁岛宛如一棵棵碧绿的翡翠，熠熠生辉，而若隐若现的礁顶如艳丽花朵，在碧波万顷的大海上怒放。
这里生活着多种多样的活珊瑚，它的分泌物和其他的一些物质构成了今天的珊瑚礁。营造如此庞大“工程”的是直径只有几毫米的腔肠动物——珊瑚虫。珊瑚虫最早出现在约4.7亿年前的古生代奥陶纪中期。珊瑚虫只能生活在全年水温保持在22～28℃的水域里，水质必须洁净。澳大利亚东北岸外大陆架海域具备珊瑚虫繁衍生息的条件。珊瑚虫以浮游生物为食，营集体生活。珊瑚虫常常分泌出一种碳性物质，这种物质与珊瑚虫石灰质的骨骼及单细胞藻类的残骸混合、堆积，形成礁区。它们有的在水面以下，有的露出水面，露出水面的珊瑚群就是海岛。第一代珊瑚虫死后留下遗骸，新一代继续发育繁衍，向高处和两旁发展。如此日积月累，珊瑚虫的石灰质骨骸连同藻类、贝壳等海洋生物残骸胶结在一起，逐渐堆积成巨大的珊瑚礁体。
在大堡礁群中，色彩斑斓的珊瑚礁有红色的、粉色的、绿色的、紫色的、黄色的。它们的形状千姿百态，有的似开屏的孔雀；有的像雪中红梅；有的浑圆似蘑菇，有的纤细如鹿茸；有的白如飞霜，有的绿似翡翠；有的像灵芝……未可名状，形成一幅千姿百态、奇特壮观的天然艺术图画。
珊瑚群平时大部分隐在水中，只有低潮时略露礁顶。各色的珊瑚礁以鹿角形、灵芝形、荷叶形、海草形在海底扩展美丽的身躯。这里分布有400余种不同类型的珊瑚礁，其中包括世界上最大的珊瑚礁。约有350种珊瑚虫与水母有亲缘关系，每个珊瑚虫的嘴周围长着一圈触须，从海水中吸取碳酸钙，变成石灰质的外壳，无数外壳累积起来便成为珊瑚礁。
珊瑚虫与一种叫做虫黄藻的微生物共生于石灰质外壳中，虫黄藻会进行光合作用，把二氧化碳和水合成碳水化合物和氧。珊瑚虫吸收碳水化合物和氧，向虫黄藻提供硝酸盐和其他排出物。所以，珊瑚礁只能在有阳光的地方生长，即海水清澈且深度不超过四十米处。
在游客眼中，珊瑚礁美丽和安详，其实里边经常发生争夺食物和空间的搏斗。珊瑚分为软珊瑚和硬珊瑚（能建造珊瑚礁）两大类，形态各异，大小不同。有的珊瑚像鹿角，有的像鞭子，有的像扇子，有的很结实，可以禁得住浪涛冲击，有的则只能生活在最平静的水域。有些比其邻居生长得快，以便遮掩邻居抢夺阳光。有些会用含毒的触须，或向水里施放致命化学物质，清除其领域内的对手。
此外还有吃珊瑚的动物，例如能吃珊瑚的鹦嘴鱼和刺冠海星。这种海星往往把腹腔吐出来贴在珊瑚礁上把它消化掉。刺冠海星的数量会周期性地剧增，可以把整片珊瑚礁吃得一干二净。海洋风暴和旋风也不断破坏和侵蚀珊瑚礁。
白天在珊瑚礁阴影下的水中一片沉寂但夜晚各种动物都纷纷出来活动。珊瑚虫在夜间觅食，伸出彩色缤纷的触须捕食浮游微生物。无数珊瑚虫的触须一齐伸展，宛如鲜花怒放。但白天不能伸出触须，否则会遮住虫黄藻需要的阳光。
在春季某些宁静的夜晚，会出现最壮观的情景。沿着大堡礁，不知受何种化学物质或光线的诱发，所有珊瑚虫会一齐放出一片片橙、红、蓝、绿色的卵子和精子，漂浮到水面，使海水呈现鲜艳的颜色。然后卵子和精子混杂在一起，产生出幼珊瑚虫，随潮汐四散游开，寻找合适的空地建造新的珊瑚礁。软、硬珊瑚都有多种，软珊瑚的组织中含石灰质晶体但不形成外壳，硬珊瑚则形成外壳。
珊瑚礁不断生长，新珊瑚礁露出水面，很快就盖上一层白沙，上面长起植物。这些最先在珊瑚礁上生长的植物，繁殖速度十分惊人。它们结出的耐盐果实可以在水上漂浮数月，漂到适合的地方，发芽生根，为其他植物的生长铺平道路。鸟类为珊瑚礁上植物的生长作出重要贡献，它们把植物的种子散布在礁上，其粪便则使礁石上的土壤肥沃。海鸥喜欢吃龙葵属的浆果，把其种子散布在岛上。黑燕鸥常在腺果藤树上筑巢，其黏性种子往往附在黑燕鸥的翅膀上传播。
海洋生物
大堡礁海域生活着大约1500种热带海洋鱼类，有泳姿优雅的蝴蝶鱼，有色彩华美的雀鲷，漂亮华丽的狮子鱼，好逸恶劳的印头鱼，脊部棘状突出并且释放毒液的石头鱼，还有天使鱼、鹦鹉鱼等各种热带观赏鱼。珊瑚礁将泻湖包了个严实，这里风平浪静，是天然的避风港，各种鱼类、蟹类、海藻类、软体类，五彩缤纷、琳琅满目，透过清澈的海水，历历在目。成群结队的小鮨（音yì）鱼在大堡礁外侧捕食浮游生物。体重达90公斤长相古怪得令人生畏的巨蛤每次至少产十亿颗卵。欲称霸海洋的鲨鱼，柔软无骨的无壳蜗牛，硕大无比的海龟，斑点血红的螃蟹……被潮水冲上来的大小贝壳闪烁着光芒，安静地躺在沙滩上，退潮时来不及逃走的长达一米的大龙虾，及体肥味美的海参，可让幸运者大饱口福。
每年7～9月，濒临灭绝的座头鲸便会在珊瑚岛南部出现。它们的体长在15米左右，大的座头鲸体重在40吨以上，但这种巨鲸并不可怕，它们是一种温和的海洋哺乳动物。这里还能看到大量的儒艮，又叫海牛，它们和别的海洋哺乳类动物不同，是唯一以植物为生的。海龟子每年的10月到次年3月，来到雷恩岛产卵，它们如今已几近灭绝，这里是它们的一个主要繁衍地。
在大堡礁海域还生活着4000多种棘皮动物和软体动物等其它海洋生物，如：海参、海星、海葵、蠕虫、海绵、海蛞蝓、海蜇、管虫、海胆、海鞘、水母、虾，种类繁多，色彩纷呈。某些濒临灭绝的动物物种（如人鱼和巨型绿龟）也栖息与此，具有极高的科学研究价值。
大堡礁是海洋中的热带雨林。珊瑚取代雨林中的树木，鱼类和软体动物取代了鸟兽。同雨林一样，其中也有各种各样的生物和生存竞争。夏季，母海龟爬到岛上把蛋产在热沙里。约八周后成千上万的幼龟便从沙里孵出，争先恐后爬入海中。在爬向大海的途中，往往被海鸟、螃蟹和老鼠捕食。在礁外的深水区生活着海豚和鲸等哺乳动物。在大堡礁的边远处，最凶残的大白鲨和虎鲨则时刻在等待着海豚和海龟。
到处有各种各样的颜色用于求偶、警告、伪装、欺骗。像绯红的宝贝鱼和有蓝点的红色珊瑚鳟与珊瑚颜色交融在一起。红白相间的长牙鱼则以身上的条纹来隐蔽其身体。红蓑蚰的鱼尾像舞蹈演员的裙子那样鲜艳夺目，警告天敌它身上有毒刺。花纹鲜明的神仙鱼以其闪光的亮斑来威吓闯入其领域的鱼儿。钻沙洞的斑彩鳎（音tǎ）改变颜色以模仿所处环境。
鱼类觅食的方法形形色色。石鱼的颜色与所居处的岩石一样，以毒刺杀死猎物。须鲨皮上长有海草状的毛状物，静卧着等待猎物。笛鲷群则见什么吃什么。清扫隆头鱼会清洁其他鱼的伤口以及捕捉寄生虫，因而受到欢迎而不会遭到攻击。
珊瑚岛是无数海鸟的栖息地，成群的海鸥遮空蔽日，为大堡礁增添了无限生机。这里聚集的鸟类有240多种。如燕鸥、黑燕鸥、海鸥、鹱（音hù）、军舰鸟、鲣鸟、大海雕等常在珊瑚礁面聒噪。
珊瑚礁群落内环境有异，其深度、温度、清晰度、宁静度及食物的种类随位置而改变，因此成千上万种生物都能找到所需的生存环境。估计有1400多种鱼、甲壳和贝类动物、海葵、蠕虫、海绵和鸟雀在大堡礁及四周安家;珊瑚只占其中10%。海参吐 出的细碎贝壳和沙粒沉人海底，就会填补珊瑚底基的裂缝，对保护礁石起着关键作用。
珊瑚礁的生态坏境平衡得异常微妙，稍有改变就会受到破坏。在20世纪六七十年代，刺冠海星的数量激增。由于刺冠海星会把消化液吐在珊瑚上，令珊瑚死亡，大堡礁的生态因而受到威胁。导致海星数目暴增的原固是游客捡光礁石上的海螺，而海螺这种食肉的软体动物，经常吃掉刺冠侮星，减少其数量。保护海螺，就能减少刺冠海星，但部分珊瑚礁的生态平衡必须花上几十年的工夫才能恢复。
大堡礁也是一座巨大的天然海洋生物博物馆。在辽阔澄碧的海面上，点缀着一个个色彩斑斓的岛礁，大礁套小礁，环礁包着泻湖，礁外波涛汹涌，礁内湖平如镜。礁上海水淹不到的地方，已发育了较厚的土层，椰树、棕榈挺拔遒劲，藤葛密织，郁郁葱葱，一派绚丽的热带风光。透过温暖清澈的海水，可看清400余种珊瑚所构成的密密丛丛海底"森林"，千姿百态，五彩缤纷。珊瑚丛中游戈着1500种鱼和4000种软体动物，这里也是儒艮和大绿龟等濒临绝灭动物的栖息之地。肥大的海参在蠕动，大红大黄的海星在爬动，奇形怪状的蝴蝶鱼、厚唇鱼穿梭如织，还有近1米的大龙虾、上百千克重的砗磲、潜伏礁中的石头鱼¨这里又是鸟类的乐园，成群的海鸟如云遮空，更为大堡礁增添勃勃生机。
[编辑本段]【世界遗产】
1975年澳大利亚政府颁布的大堡礁海洋公园法，提出了建立、控制、保护和发展海洋公园，其中涵盖了大堡礁98.5%的区域范围，海洋公园的建立不仅对保护当地文化起到重要作用，而且与当地土著居民的生活息息相关。1981年整个区域被划定在世界遗产名录中。
大堡礁是世界上最大的珊瑚礁群，纵向断续绵延于澳大利亚东北岸外的大陆架上，与海岸隔着一条13-240公里宽的水道。
[编辑本段]【景点旅游提示】
交通：大堡礁距离布里斯班1100公里，距离凯恩斯600公里。国内各大城市如悉尼、墨尔本、布里斯班都有航班到达大堡礁，另外，普罗瑟派恩铁路经过大堡礁，沿布鲁斯高速公路也可到达大堡礁。
旅行建议：
1、在大堡礁的海中畅游。
2、踏上大堡礁海滩上的银沙。
3、陪伴着星星和珊瑚，过一个难以忘怀的夜晚。
4、在世界上最好的潜水地学习潜水
5、鸟瞰心形珊瑚礁。
6、观看鲸鱼
7、搭乘海上飞机到WhitehavenBeach野餐，感觉极好。
其他旅游注意事项
1、 每年的10月至次年3月来大堡礁，大量的水母会出现在大堡礁水域之中，游玩时一定注意安全。
2、 至大堡礁旅游四时皆可，年平均气温在23℃，只有在夏季的1月才会出现30℃以上的高温。
3、 在大堡礁旅游注意保护生物。
大堡礁英文
大堡礁英文：Great Barrier Reef。也可以译为：1、Barrier Reef：堡礁。2、The Great Barrier Reef：大堡礁。相似词组：1、Amphiprion akindynos：大堡礁双锯鱼。2、The Reef：大堡礁惊魂。3、Great Barrier Reef Australia；Fontaine at Hayma Island Resort；Great Barrier Reef Australia；澳大利亚大堡礁。4、Great Barrier Reef：澳大利亚的大堡礁。5、Great Barrier Island：大堡礁岛。6、Southern Great Barrier Reef：大堡礁南部。7、Great Barrier Reef Foundation：该报告由大堡礁基金会。8、Great Barrier Reef Marine Park：大堡礁海洋公园。9、GBRMPA;Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority：大堡礁海洋公园管理局。相关例句：1、他们出海去大堡礁。They were outward bound for the Great Barrier Reef.2、我们现在看到的大堡礁相对年轻。The Barrier Reef we see today is comparatively young.3、大堡礁是我们星球上最大的珊瑚礁。The Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral reef on our planet.4、远离大堡礁，海龟也会被捕食。Away from the Great Barrier Reef, sea turtles are caught to eat.5、那就是位于大堡礁最北边的雷恩岛。In the far north of the Great Barrier Reef is the Rain Island.6、真好！在大堡礁你可以玩什么？Coco:Cool! What can you do at the reef?7、大堡礁仍然是一个令人惊异的地方。The Great Barrier Reef is still an amazing place.8、大堡礁到处都是繁殖的场面。The urge to breed spreads across the reef.9、你也可以搭乘飞机飞越大堡礁去欣赏。You can also fly over the reef to see it from the air.10、现在整个大堡礁仅剩下11000只。Now there are just 11 thousand left in the entire great barrier reef region.
Great Barrier Reef
昆士兰是澳大利亚的核心度假州，是继悉尼之后人们最常去的地方。而昆士兰北部的凯恩斯是这个核心度假州里的核心城市，因为，在这里最吸引人的是壮观的大堡礁和独特的热带雨林，从旅游资源的绝无仅有上讲，够资格。大堡礁是世界上最大的珊瑚礁群，也是人们最容易到达的珊瑚礁群；而绵延在昆士兰北部的那些潮湿的热带雨林，至少生存了一亿年，相比较而言，亚马孙河的雨林带只有微不足道的一千万年。
昆士兰的休闲活动都是由海滩和雨林延伸出来的，到大堡礁潜水、做海底漫步；在马瑞巴高原乘热气球；滑行在热带雨林的上空……都是最自由、最惬意的事，对生活在北半球的人来说，就像春季里做了舒展操，将一冬的慵懒与颓废彻底抛弃。
