《尤利西斯》的神话结构是怎样的
乔伊斯在创作《尤利西斯》时，有意识地将《奥德修纪》作为小说的神话原型，使两者形成平行对应关系。神话史诗不仅为小说提供了一个参照框架；更重要的是，作者借用荷马史诗的原型意义和原型结构，表达了一个现代人寻找失落的自我的故事，并使之升华为一篇代表人类普遍经验的寓言。
尤利西斯（Ulysses），即希腊神话中伊大嘉国王奥德修（Odyssey）在拉丁文中的译名。乔伊斯以它命名小说，反映了该作品在人物、情节线索、结构和细节上与荷马史诗的对应平行关系。
乔伊斯曾对瓦勒里·拉尔博（Valery Larbaurd，《尤利西斯》的法文本译者）说：“小说的标题是一把钥匙。如果读者熟悉《奥德修纪》，就能把握住小说的轮廓。史诗的概念就是在现代生活纷繁混乱的材料上覆盖史诗的形式由此看来，要深入理解《尤利西斯》，我们有必要将它与《奥德修纪》这个“潜文本”对照起来，进行双重文本的解读。
关于乔伊斯运用神话类比结构的重要性上，学术界存在着尖锐的分歧。因为古希腊英雄奥德修与这部现代小说究竟有什么关系，这个问题涉及到对小说《尤利西斯》根本意义的理解。对此国内外学者的观点基本上可分为三大类：
第一类观点认为：《奥德修纪》与《尤利西斯》之间的平行关系是将英雄悲壮的历史和卑劣猥琐的现实进行对比。在古代英雄光辉的形象反衬下，布鲁姆、斯蒂芬等现代西方文化哺育下的人物会显得多么卑微、苍白和平庸。这种平行对应关系所显示出来的意义差别，是《尤利西斯》的讽刺意义和暴露作用的来源。学者约瑟夫．比奇（J. W. Beach）称：“将古希腊英雄的历险与当代爱尔兰纷乱、‘瘫痪’的状态并置，很明显是对爱尔兰现今状况的讽刺性暴露”（注：J. W. Beach,The Twentieth Century Novel (New York, 1981) P. 416）。 英国作家福斯特（E. M. Forster ）说《尤利西斯》是“一首表现卑琐和幻灭情绪的史诗”（注：王佐良：《英国二十世纪文学史》，外语教育与研究出版社1994年版，第384页。）。
自《尤利西斯》问世以来。这类观点在乔伊斯研究界长期占据统治地位，并且它最容易被人们接受。我国学者袁可嘉、侯维瑞、陈恕、李维屏等人对此均持类似的观点。以下是侯维瑞教授在《现代英国小说史》中的一段有关的论述：
“忠贞不渝的王后潘奈洛佩变成了追求肉欲的荡妇摩莉；助父除虐的勇士帖雷马科变成了精神空虚的骚客斯蒂芬；驰骋疆场、力挽狂澜的英雄尤利西斯变成了逆来顺受、含羞忍辱的广告商布鲁姆；美丽善良的诺西卡变成了轻佻挑逗的格蒂姑娘……世界难道不是在走向沉沦和堕落吗？……《尤利西斯》以借古讽今的手法所要表现的，恰恰是现代社会的全部历史：布鲁姆的庸人主义、斯蒂芬的虚无主义和摩莉的肉欲主义正是现代西方社会道德和精神文明的深刻写照”。（注：侯维瑞：《现代英国小说史》，上海外语教育出版社1985年版，第273页。）
第二类观点认为，乔伊斯的神话类比结构是一种隐喻的媒介，它为我们提供了一个超然的透视观点，以审视作品中人们的举止和言谈；同时它把平凡陈腐的事物提升到艺术的最高境界，给20世纪的现代人灌输了永恒的尊严，体现了乔伊斯对现代人前途和命运的关怀。
美国文论家莱文（Levin ）在论述《尤利西斯》时这样写道：“将现代主人公琐屑的生活习惯与深奥神秘的原始仪式联系在一起，使今天最微小的细节具有了普遍的意义”（注：Agwonorobo EnaemeErurbetine , Intellectualized and the Art of James Joyce ( NewYork: Exposition Press, 1980)P. 75）。
《尤利西斯》（牛津大学版）的作者理查德·艾尔曼称：“《尤利西斯》是《奥德修纪》的和平主义版本”。他指出布鲁姆继承并侧重发展了奥德修身上善良、机智的品性。布鲁姆，这位现代的奥德修虽然没有勇士般的强壮体魄，但他同样具有不可征服的精神。“布鲁姆的胜利在于他的精神”，“布鲁姆身上最神圣之处在于他体现的人性”（注：Richard Ellmann, James Joyce (Oxford University Press, 1982)P.360,P. 362.）。
《尤利西斯》的中译本（天津百花文艺版）译者金堤教授承袭了艾尔曼的观点，提出“《尤利西斯》的主旋律是一曲颂歌，赞美的是普通人无私的爱……本书的主旨在于歌颂全面的人，布鲁姆与奥德修都属于这类人”。
关于希腊神话中的“尤利西斯”
其实尤利西斯是伊塔刻的岛国的国王，算是希腊英雄但不是神，属于希腊一方。在特洛伊战争中用木马计战胜了特洛伊人，希腊诸邦胜利后尤利西斯带领他的族人重新回到伊塔刻的岛国，也就是因为他的木马计使很多神都想杀他而后快，特洛伊人也属于这些神的子民。于是他在归乡的历程充满艰险，整整用了10年时间，经历的事件有1，先被海神波塞冬独眼儿子囚禁，然后刺瞎了他的眼睛，然后是经过塞壬的地盘，他自己把自己绑在船柱上，耳朵堵住，躲开了塞壬可怕的诱惑之音。到了女巫岛屿，海员被变成动物后他机智的制服女巫，在吃人巨人拉厄斯特律戈涅斯损兵折将，到地下世界看了下自己的命运。带领剩余人到达太阳神的岛屿勿吃了祭品，（海员大呼，所有人都吃了为什么死的只是我们。。泪）然后只剩下他一人活着。被女神希波吕忒救起，然后拒绝了希波吕忒的爱意后执意回家，被海神波塞冬（是在是记不起希腊这海神叫什么名字了，好歹跟罗马神话都是一个人）报复冲到了。。。厄忘了哪个小国家后再次被救起（英雄就是命大），最后还是拒绝了公主的爱意后成功回家（这男人很能经起诱惑）。当他回国后他的子民都认为尤利西斯已经死了。国内的贵族一直贪恋王后的美色想占有她，都失败告终。王后珀涅罗珀一直坚信尤利西斯还活着，于是对那些求婚的贵族一直用各种比赛手法拖延。尤利西斯秘密回国后化装成一个乞丐，在争夺王后的比赛中获胜并消灭了那些贵族。重新统治伊塔刻。
这个在荷马史诗中是 【奥德赛】
鹿晗《勋章》歌词里有的那个奥休克斯是什么意思？？？急！急！急！急！急！急！急！急！快帮帮我！
奥德修斯，希腊神话传说中的人物。罗马神话传说中称之为尤利西斯或尤利克塞斯。是希腊西部伊塔卡岛之王，曾参加特洛伊战争。出征前参加希腊使团去见特洛伊国王普里阿摩斯，以求和平解决因帕里斯劫夺海伦而引起的争端，但未获结果。围攻特洛伊10年期间，奥德修斯英勇善战，足智多谋，屡建奇功。他献木马计里应外合攻破特洛伊。在率领同伴从特洛伊回国途中，因刺瞎独目巨人波吕斐摩斯，得罪了海神波塞冬，从而屡遭波塞冬的阻挠，历尽各种艰辛、危难。他战胜魔女基尔克，克服海妖塞壬美妙歌声的诱惑，穿过海怪斯库拉和卡吕布狄斯的居地，摆脱神女卡吕普索的7年挽留，最后于第十年侥幸一人回到故土伊塔卡，同儿子特勒马科斯一起，杀死纠缠他妻子的、挥霍他的家财的求婚者，合家团圆。奥德修斯的事迹在荷马史诗中有详细描述。荷马史诗之后的传说对奥德修斯的经历又有补充，但多突出他性格的负面特点，把他描绘成一个虚伪、狡诈、胆小的人。
奥德修斯象征着什么
奥德修斯是希腊神话中的一个英雄人物，他在史诗《奥德赛》中扮演主角。奥德修斯的形象被广泛解读为多种象征，以下是其中一些常见的解读：1.智慧和勇气：奥德修斯以其聪明才智和非凡的勇气而闻名，他通过策略和计谋解决问题，并面对各种挑战和困难。因此，他被视为智慧和勇气的象征。2.耐心与毅力：奥德修斯在回家的旅程中经历了多年的困难与考验，但他保持了耐心和毅力，最终成功回到了故乡。因此，奥德修斯也被看作是耐心和毅力的象征。3.探索与成长：奥德修斯的冒险旅程代表了个人成长和发现自我的过程。在他的旅途中，他面对了诱惑、试炼和自我探索，最终变得更加成熟和明智。4.渴望归属和家庭价值：奥德修斯渴望回到他的故乡伊萨卡岛，重建家庭和国家的秩序。因此，他也被视为家庭价值和归属感的象征。总的来说，奥德修斯象征着智慧、勇气、耐心、毅力、探索与成长以及家庭价值等多个方面的含义。他的形象在古代和现代的文学、艺术和哲学中被广泛解读和讨论，具有丰富的象征意义。
奥德休斯象征什么
奥德修斯则为智慧的代表。希腊联军围攻特洛伊10年期间，奥德修斯英勇善战，足智多谋，屡建奇功。他献木马计里应外合攻破特洛伊。在率领同伴从特洛伊回国途中，因刺瞎独目巨人波吕斐摩斯，得罪了海神波塞冬，从而屡遭波塞冬的阻挠， 历尽各种艰辛、危难。他战胜魔女基尔克，克服海妖塞壬美妙歌声的诱惑，穿过海怪斯库拉和卡吕布狄斯的居地，摆脱神女卡吕普索的7年挽留，最后于第十年侥幸一人回到故土伊塔卡，同儿子特勒马科斯一起，杀死纠缠他妻子的、挥霍他的家财的求婚者，合家团圆。奥德修斯的事迹在荷马史诗中有详细描述。荷马史诗之后的传说对奥德修斯的经历又有补充，但多突出他性格的负面特点，把他描绘成一个虚伪、狡诈、胆小的人。扩展资料荷马史诗分为《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》，电影《特洛伊》、《木马屠城记》都改编自《伊利亚特》，只写到赫克托尔的死为止，可是据《奥德赛》和古代希腊的其他作品的描写，围绕伊利昂城的战争还继续打了很久。后来阿喀琉斯被阿波罗用箭射死，阿凯亚人之中最勇猛的首领埃阿斯和最有智谋的首领奥德修斯 (Odysseus)争夺阿喀琉斯的盔甲，奥德修斯用巧计战胜了勇力超过他的埃阿斯，使得后者气愤自杀。最后奥德修斯献计造了一只大木马，内藏伏兵，特洛伊人把木马拖进城，结果阿凯亚人里应外合，攻下了伊利昂（特洛伊）城，结束了这场经历10年的战争。离开本国很久的阿凯亚首领们纷纷回国，奥德修斯也带着他的伙伴，乘船向他的故乡伊塔克出发。从这里就开始了以奥德修斯在海上的历险为中心的另一部史诗《奥德赛》的故事。参考资料：百度百科-奥德修斯
为什么Odysseus是英雄？
分类: 文化/艺术 >> 文学
问题描述:
我要写Essay，请给出3点理由，为什么Odysseus是英雄？
最好有原著Odyssey的支持，页码和行数。
解析:
Odysseus Defines a Hero in The Odyssey
How do you define a hero? Some may define a hero as someone with great courage and bravery; to others a hero might be a strong warrior and leader who wins battles; others may define a hero as one who uses his brain as much as his brawn to win. In Homer's epic poem, Odyssey, Odysseus is portrayed as a hero by every definition.
Courage and bravery are o things that Odysseus has a lot of. This is evident when he defies the god Poseidon, telling him that he is unstoppable. Odysseus then gets back on his ship on starts to sail on Poseidon's waters back to Ithaca. Pride is good to have, but in Odysseus抯 case, it抯 a little too much. On the other hand, he does things that make him a great hero. When Circeturned his crew into animals, he climbed straight up a mountain, risking his life just to save his crew. He will do anything to get back to Ithaca and see his wife and son, no matter how crazy it is. He even goes into the underworld to speak to a prophet about how to get back to Ithaca. Being brave and courageous is all about being willing and able to go to the extremes to help or possibly save people or even a place in need.
As well as having courage and bravery, Odysseus is also a strong warrior and leader. Living as king of Ithaca, he leads his fleet of warriors across Poseidon抯 sea into a great battle against the Trojans. It is here where Odysseus and his fleet of warriors defeated the Trojans because of his great leadership. Knowing that he cannot defeat the Trojans from outside the immense walls, he es up with a different plan. A plan that will get him through the walls with a little help from Poseidon. He makes a giant wooden horse (Trojan Horse) and has a person present it as a gift to accept a peace with them. The Trojans accept the gift and open the walls for the horse, not knowing that inside the horse was Odysseus and a *** all fleet of soldiers. The Trojans had a great celebration for what they thought was a victory. As the Trojans finally went to sleep, Odysseus and his fleet crept out of the horse and pletely slaughtered the Trojans in a very bloody battle. Ithaca was victorious and the soldiers could now return back home happy, all because of the great leadership of Odysseus. Odysseus and his soldiers were mighty warriors and did have the strength to defeat the Trojans, but Odysseus used something that was more powerful than his strength - intelligence.
Intelligence is the one thing that Odysseus has the most of and also the reason why he not only defeated the Trojans, but also survived the great journey he went through to get back to Ithaca. Throughout the story, Odysseus often hesitates before acting. This being because he uses his reason and his gift of intelligence to evaluate what the situation is. This patience is one of his most important attributes. It has saved him and his men many times, and can be easily seen in numerous instances throughout his journey, not only when he makes the wooden horse, but times such as when he disguises himself as a beggar when he finally reached Ithaca. Here he used his patience and waited for the right moment to reveal himself. Many people in his situation would抳e been too anxious to wait and would immediately show who he was, risking a chance of being killed. Odysseus hesitated and used his reason to think of a better way to show himself. He succeeds and things work out just the way he wants.
Like many heroes, Odysseus does have weaknesses such as his chronic cheating problem and his problem with pride. Noheless, Odysseus survived all that happened to him. His courage, bravery, wits, and endurance enable him to e through each and every challenge and eventually arrive home safely. Thus proving himself worthy of being a true hero.
When you think about Greek Epic heroes, Odysseus will most
likely e to mind. Odysseus is the main character in
Homer's poem "The Odyssey." "The Odyssey" is a narrative
poem that describes Odysseus' adventures and obstacles in
his quest to return home to Ithaca, where he is king, from
the Trojan war. Odysseus has been gone for o decades. All
the other chieftains have returned home, however, Odysseus'
whereabouts are unknown.
One of the things that makes Odysseus a Greek hero is that
he is favored by the gods. In the Odyssey the gods help
Odysseus many times. When Poseidon struck Odysseus' ship
with lightning, Odysseus was able to survive because a
goddess named Ino gave him a magical cloak. The cloak
prevents Odysseus from drowning. When Odysseus' men are
turned into swine by Circe, Hermes the messenger god gives
Odysseus a magical herb that prevents Circe from using her
spells on him. Due to this Odysseus was able to gain favor
in Circe's eyes and he convinced her to turn his men back
to normal. Towards the end of the book, when Odysseus
returns to Ithica, Athena disguises him as a beggar. The
disguise was to fool the suitors, who are eating Odysseus
out of his home and are harassing his wife Penelope, and to
get Odysseus access to the palace.
The ancient Greeks used to say that a true hero must show
respect to the gods by giving them sacrifices and praying
to them. Odysseus gives sacrifices to the gods in many
instances in "The Odyssey." When Odysseus goes to Hades ,
the underworld, he sacrifices a ram and an ewe to the gods.
When Odysseus defeats Polyphemus, the Cyclops, who is the
son of Poseidon the god of the sea, Odysseus gives
sacrifices to the gods. Lastly when Odysseus defeats those
horrible suitors that outnumbered him by so much Odysseus
realizes that it was the gods who helped him do this. The
feats of strength and the ability to overe
insurmountable odds could not be performed by a mere mortal
without help from the gods. Therefore he makes sacrifices
to the gods. When Odysseus is in trouble he always shows
that he is depending on the gods by praying to them. The
fact that the gods usually listen to him shows that he is
well liked by the gods. In order to be a Greek hero you had
to be liked by the gods since religion was such a big part
in their lives.
Odysseus, with the help of the gods, can survive adventures
that kill most other men. Odysseus travels to the island of
the Cyclopians. The Cyclopians are giants that have one
eye, they don't fear the gods because they believe that
they are better than the gods and they eat people. They
represent the opposite of what Greek men should be.
Odysseus and his men meet Polyphemus the cyclops.
Polyphemus being a cyclops eats some of Odysseus' men.
Odysseus with the help of the gods figures out a plan to
escape and he does. Scylla is a ferocious monster with six
heads that kills most men that pass by her island. She
kills six of Odysseus' men. Odysseus prevents her from
killing himself and more men . There is another ferocious
monster named Charybdis. Charybdis sucks in water from the
sea and creates a whirlpool that kills any ship that passes
by. Odysseus passes by her. His crew is killed and his ship
is destroyed in the whirlpool but Odysseus alone survives.
There is an island that Odysseus passes by with monsters
called Sirens on it. The Sirens sing beautiful songs that
lure ships toward them. The ships then crash into the
island and the people are killed. Nobody has heard the song
of the Sirens and survived. Odysseus is warned of this
island by a god. He then puts plugs in his men's ears
because Odysseus wants to hear the song, he ties himself to
the front of the boat and tells his men to tighten his
ropes if he tries to get away. Odysseus and his men survive
and Odysseus is the only mortal to hear the song of the
Sirens and live to tell it.
The pictures and sculptures of the ancient Greeks showed
only men with perfect bodies and men in battle. Therefore
in order to be a true Greek epic hero you had to be both
strong and good in battle. Odysseus showed both of these
signs. Odysseus travels to the land of the Phaeacians. The
Phaeacians have many games such as the discus throw and a
javelin throw. Odysseus wins all of these events. When
Odysseus gets back to Ithica Penelope, thinking that
Odysseus her hu *** and is dead, has a contest in which she
will marry the winner. The winner must string a bow and
shoot an arrow through elve axes on the floor. All of the
mighty suitors try, but none of them e even close to
triumph. Odysseus, being dressed up as a beggar, tries it
and succeeds. The suitors were all mighty men but Odysseus
was the only one to triumph. This shows his greatness.
After this a war breaks out and Odysseus befriended only by
Eumaeus the swineherd and Malanthius the goatherd defeats
all of the suitors. The fact that Odysseus was able to
defeat the suitors definitely shows that Odysseus is truly
a great warrior.
Odysseus is a true Greek epic hero . When he is able to use
power given to him by the gods, he does so willingly.
However this alone would not make him a hero. This would
only make him a servant of the gods. Odysseus uses his
intellect, farsightedness, and insight to control his fate
as best as he can. For example, when he returns home,
rather then revealing his true identity Odysseus uses
patience and caution to devise and execute a plan that will
defeat the suitors. Odysseus is now acting independently of
the gods and his heroic personality triumphs.
这个是有行数和页码的
Odysseus, the Hero
Written by: Unregistered
An individual抯 characteristics are the key to their behavior. Homer抯 The Odyssey takes place about 700BC in the Mediterranean, near Greece. The epic tells of a man who left his home enty years earlier to fight in the Trojan War. His mission now is to make his way home to Ithaca. Odysseus shows good and bad traits throughout the epic that influence his way home . (65 words)
The courage and wisdom of Odysseus help him survive through the whole epic. For example, Odysseus kills the Cyclops while the giant is asleep, even though the monster ate o men minutes before (P.110). Odysseus has courage to stand up for his beliefs and never lets the opinion of others keep him from doing what is right. Some think Odysseus shows his courage throughout the epic because he is proud and does not want to leave any job unfinished. Furthermore, Odysseus by plugs the sailors?ears with wax when going through the Sirens, whose sweet singing lures sailors to there doom (p. 141). Odysseus often hesitates before acting, because he uses reason to evaluate the situation, which saves him and his men many times. Odysseus knows that there is no progress without the wisdom to back it up. Using courage and wisdom throughout life allows a person to see greatness in life.
As great as he was, Odysseus still had some weaknesses, most importantly that of his pride and sensualness, that prolongs his voyage back to Ithaca. This is clearly evident in the episode on the Cyclopes?Island when Odysseus and his men are safely away from the island when Odysseus brags about his exploits making Polythemus hurl giant boulders almost sinking the ship (P. 114). This incident hurt Odysseus more than just losing a few men, because Poseidon makes his travel home very long and arduous. This proud characteristic shows Odysseus has a lack of respect for others and that he is selfish. Furthermore, Odysseus stays with Circe for one year before his men remind him of home (p. 116). This characteristic of sensualness demonstrates that Odysseus is unable to resist temptation. This hinders his mission; setting him back in his journey. Odysseus抯 weaknesses in life downsize him, making himself less powerful.
The story portrays how an individual抯 characteristics can affect the outes of their life. Noheless, Odysseus survives all that happens to him. His courage, wisdom, intelligence and endurance enable him to e through each and every difficulty and bring him home safely.
这个是其他网友的搜集
The Odyssey by Homer Written 800 B.C.E
Study Guide for Homer's Odyssey
The Odyssey Summary
I have found 9 summaries for you to look at, via the links below.
antistudy/search.php?titl...
litsum/odyssey/
sparknotes/lit/odyssey/...
education.yahoo/homework_help...
These links will give you a summary of the book, character *** ysis, plot and much more, so that you will be able to answer literary questions. Here is a short extract of what you can expect from the summaries.
Here are some great websites if you need any information on the odyssey or Greek mythology.
schools.lwsd/rhjh/homehelp/od...
temple.edu/classics/odysseyho...
ascboston/programs/ascent...
Full Text & Resources.
classics.mit.edu/homer/odyssey.ht...
mythweb/odyssey/...
darkwing.uoregon.edu/~joelja/odys...
cobb.k12.ga.us/~sprayberry/we...
library.thinkquest/19300/data...
Good luck.
Kevin, Liverpool, England.
最后,本人认为奥德修斯的论文如果结合尼采>去写,会在哲学思想上有体现高度.
Odysseus 为什么是英雄?? 要用英文介绍 越简单越好。 急!!
Odysseus Defines a Hero in The Odyssey
How do you define a hero? Some may define a hero as someone with great courage and bravery; to others a hero might be a strong warrior and leader who wins battles; others may define a hero as one who uses his brain as much as his brawn to win. In Homer's epic poem, Odyssey, Odysseus is portrayed as a hero by every definition.
Courage and bravery are two things that Odysseus has a lot of. This is evident when he defies the god Poseidon, telling him that he is unstoppable. Odysseus then gets back on his ship on starts to sail on Poseidon's waters back to Ithaca. Pride is good to have, but in Odysseus抯 case, it抯 a little too much. On the other hand, he does things that make him a great hero. When Circeturned his crew into animals, he climbed straight up a mountain, risking his life just to save his crew. He will do anything to get back to Ithaca and see his wife and son, no matter how crazy it is. He even goes into the underworld to speak to a prophet about how to get back to Ithaca. Being brave and courageous is all about being willing and able to go to the extremes to help or possibly save people or even a place in need.
As well as having courage and bravery, Odysseus is also a strong warrior and leader. Living as king of Ithaca, he leads his fleet of warriors across Poseidon抯 sea into a great battle against the Trojans. It is here where Odysseus and his fleet of warriors defeated the Trojans because of his great leadership. Knowing that he cannot defeat the Trojans from outside the immense walls, he comes up with a different plan. A plan that will get him through the walls with a little help from Poseidon. He makes a giant wooden horse (Trojan Horse) and has a person present it as a gift to accept a peace with them. The Trojans accept the gift and open the walls for the horse, not knowing that inside the horse was Odysseus and a small fleet of soldiers. The Trojans had a great celebration for what they thought was a victory. As the Trojans finally went to sleep, Odysseus and his fleet crept out of the horse and completely slaughtered the Trojans in a very bloody battle. Ithaca was victorious and the soldiers could now return back home happy, all because of the great leadership of Odysseus. Odysseus and his soldiers were mighty warriors and did have the strength to defeat the Trojans, but Odysseus used something that was more powerful than his strength - intelligence.
Intelligence is the one thing that Odysseus has the most of and also the reason why he not only defeated the Trojans, but also survived the great journey he went through to get back to Ithaca. Throughout the story, Odysseus often hesitates before acting. This being because he uses his reason and his gift of intelligence to evaluate what the situation is. This patience is one of his most important attributes. It has saved him and his men many times, and can be easily seen in numerous instances throughout his journey, not only when he makes the wooden horse, but times such as when he disguises himself as a beggar when he finally reached Ithaca. Here he used his patience and waited for the right moment to reveal himself. Many people in his situation would抳e been too anxious to wait and would immediately show who he was, risking a chance of being killed. Odysseus hesitated and used his reason to think of a better way to show himself. He succeeds and things work out just the way he wants.
Like many heroes, Odysseus does have weaknesses such as his chronic cheating problem and his problem with pride. Nonetheless, Odysseus survived all that happened to him. His courage, bravery, wits, and endurance enable him to come through each and every challenge and eventually arrive home safely. Thus proving himself worthy of being a true hero.
When you think about Greek Epic heroes, Odysseus will most
likely come to mind. Odysseus is the main character in
Homer's poem "The Odyssey." "The Odyssey" is a narrative
poem that describes Odysseus' adventures and obstacles in
his quest to return home to Ithaca, where he is king, from
the Trojan war. Odysseus has been gone for two decades. All
the other chieftains have returned home, however, Odysseus'
whereabouts are unknown.
One of the things that makes Odysseus a Greek hero is that
he is favored by the gods. In the Odyssey the gods help
Odysseus many times. When Poseidon struck Odysseus' ship
with lightning, Odysseus was able to survive because a
goddess named Ino gave him a magical cloak. The cloak
prevents Odysseus from drowning. When Odysseus' men are
turned into swine by Circe, Hermes the messenger god gives
Odysseus a magical herb that prevents Circe from using her
spells on him. Due to this Odysseus was able to gain favor
in Circe's eyes and he convinced her to turn his men back
to normal. Towards the end of the book, when Odysseus
returns to Ithica, Athena disguises him as a beggar. The
disguise was to fool the suitors, who are eating Odysseus
out of his home and are harassing his wife Penelope, and to
get Odysseus access to the palace.
The ancient Greeks used to say that a true hero must show
respect to the gods by giving them sacrifices and praying
to them. Odysseus gives sacrifices to the gods in many
instances in "The Odyssey." When Odysseus goes to Hades ,
the underworld, he sacrifices a ram and an ewe to the gods.
When Odysseus defeats Polyphemus, the Cyclops, who is the
son of Poseidon the god of the sea, Odysseus gives
sacrifices to the gods. Lastly when Odysseus defeats those
horrible suitors that outnumbered him by so much Odysseus
realizes that it was the gods who helped him do this. The
feats of strength and the ability to overcome
insurmountable odds could not be performed by a mere mortal
without help from the gods. Therefore he makes sacrifices
to the gods. When Odysseus is in trouble he always shows
that he is depending on the gods by praying to them. The
fact that the gods usually listen to him shows that he is
well liked by the gods. In order to be a Greek hero you had
to be liked by the gods since religion was such a big part
in their lives.
Odysseus, with the help of the gods, can survive adventures
that kill most other men. Odysseus travels to the island of
the Cyclopians. The Cyclopians are giants that have one
eye, they don't fear the gods because they believe that
they are better than the gods and they eat people. They
represent the opposite of what Greek men should be.
Odysseus and his men meet Polyphemus the cyclops.
Polyphemus being a cyclops eats some of Odysseus' men.
Odysseus with the help of the gods figures out a plan to
escape and he does. Scylla is a ferocious monster with six
heads that kills most men that pass by her island. She
kills six of Odysseus' men. Odysseus prevents her from
killing himself and more men . There is another ferocious
monster named Charybdis. Charybdis sucks in water from the
sea and creates a whirlpool that kills any ship that passes
by. Odysseus passes by her. His crew is killed and his ship
is destroyed in the whirlpool but Odysseus alone survives.
There is an island that Odysseus passes by with monsters
called Sirens on it. The Sirens sing beautiful songs that
lure ships toward them. The ships then crash into the
island and the people are killed. Nobody has heard the song
of the Sirens and survived. Odysseus is warned of this
island by a god. He then puts plugs in his men's ears
because Odysseus wants to hear the song, he ties himself to
the front of the boat and tells his men to tighten his
ropes if he tries to get away. Odysseus and his men survive
and Odysseus is the only mortal to hear the song of the
Sirens and live to tell it.
The pictures and sculptures of the ancient Greeks showed
only men with perfect bodies and men in battle. Therefore
in order to be a true Greek epic hero you had to be both
strong and good in battle. Odysseus showed both of these
signs. Odysseus travels to the land of the Phaeacians. The
Phaeacians have many games such as the discus throw and a
javelin throw. Odysseus wins all of these events. When
Odysseus gets back to Ithica Penelope, thinking that
Odysseus her husband is dead, has a contest in which she
will marry the winner. The winner must string a bow and
shoot an arrow through twelve axes on the floor. All of the
mighty suitors try, but none of them come even close to
triumph. Odysseus, being dressed up as a beggar, tries it
and succeeds. The suitors were all mighty men but Odysseus
was the only one to triumph. This shows his greatness.
After this a war breaks out and Odysseus befriended only by
Eumaeus the swineherd and Malanthius the goatherd defeats
all of the suitors. The fact that Odysseus was able to
defeat the suitors definitely shows that Odysseus is truly
a great warrior.
Odysseus is a true Greek epic hero . When he is able to use
power given to him by the gods, he does so willingly.
However this alone would not make him a hero. This would
only make him a servant of the gods. Odysseus uses his
intellect, farsightedness, and insight to control his fate
as best as he can. For example, when he returns home,
rather then revealing his true identity Odysseus uses
patience and caution to devise and execute a plan that will
defeat the suitors. Odysseus is now acting independently of
the gods and his heroic personality triumphs.
这个是有行数和页码的
Odysseus, the Hero
Written by: Unregistered
An individual抯 characteristics are the key to their behavior. Homer抯 The Odyssey takes place about 700BC in the Mediterranean, near Greece. The epic tells of a man who left his home twenty years earlier to fight in the Trojan War. His mission now is to make his way home to Ithaca. Odysseus shows good and bad traits throughout the epic that influence his way home . (65 words)
The courage and wisdom of Odysseus help him survive through the whole epic. For example, Odysseus kills the Cyclops while the giant is asleep, even though the monster ate two men minutes before (P.110). Odysseus has courage to stand up for his beliefs and never lets the opinion of others keep him from doing what is right. Some think Odysseus shows his courage throughout the epic because he is proud and does not want to leave any job unfinished. Furthermore, Odysseus by plugs the sailors?ears with wax when going through the Sirens, whose sweet singing lures sailors to there doom (p. 141). Odysseus often hesitates before acting, because he uses reason to evaluate the situation, which saves him and his men many times. Odysseus knows that there is no progress without the wisdom to back it up. Using courage and wisdom throughout life allows a person to see greatness in life.
As great as he was, Odysseus still had some weaknesses, most importantly that of his pride and sensualness, that prolongs his voyage back to Ithaca. This is clearly evident in the episode on the Cyclopes?Island when Odysseus and his men are safely away from the island when Odysseus brags about his exploits making Polythemus hurl giant boulders almost sinking the ship (P. 114). This incident hurt Odysseus more than just losing a few men, because Poseidon makes his travel home very long and arduous. This proud characteristic shows Odysseus has a lack of respect for others and that he is selfish. Furthermore, Odysseus stays with Circe for one year before his men remind him of home (p. 116). This characteristic of sensualness demonstrates that Odysseus is unable to resist temptation. This hinders his mission; setting him back in his journey. Odysseus抯 weaknesses in life downsize him, making himself less powerful.
The story portrays how an individual抯 characteristics can affect the outcomes of their life. Nonetheless, Odysseus survives all that happens to him. His courage, wisdom, intelligence and endurance enable him to come through each and every difficulty and bring him home safely.
奥德修斯的解释
奥德修斯的解释 希腊神话中的 英雄 。罗马神话中称为尤利西斯。在特洛伊战争中献木马计，使希腊军获胜。离开特洛伊后在海上漂流十年，历尽艰险，曾 制服 独眼巨神和魔女等。返回故里后，又杀死向 妻子 求婚者，合家始得 团聚 。荷马曾以他的战后 经历 创作 《奥德修记》 。 词语分解 奥的解释 奥 à 含义深，不易理解：深奥。奥妙。 奥秘 。奥旨。 室内的 西南 角，泛指房屋及其他深处 隐蔽 的地方：堂奥。经堂入奥。 姓。 奥 ù 浊。 古同“燠”，暧。 部首 ：大； 斯的解释 斯 ī 这，这个，这里： 斯人 。斯时。以 至于 斯。 乃，就：有备斯可以无患。 劈：“墓门有棘，斧以斯之”。 古同“厮”，卑贱。 古同“澌”，尽。 姓。 部首：斤。
奥德修斯是什么意思
希腊神话中的英雄。罗马神话中称为尤利西斯。在特洛伊战争中献木马计，使希腊军获胜。离开特洛伊后在海上漂流十年，历尽艰险，曾制服独眼巨神和魔女等。返回故里后，又杀死向妻子求婚者，合家始得团聚。荷马曾以他的战后经历创作《奥德修记》。这个国王叫奥德修斯(也有人叫他尤利西斯)，他的国叫伊塔刻。很久很久以前，在希腊这个区域，出现过很多像伊塔刻这样的小国，他们之间经常以神的自由和惩罚做借口，彼此发动战争。伊塔刻国所属的大部族叫阿凯族，阿凯人以迈锡尼国的王阿伽门农为领袖，对他们的东方劲敌特洛伊人发动了一场大规模的战争。
俄底修斯的故事是什么样的？
俄底修斯是古希腊西部的一个国家伊塔卡的国王,他参加了特洛伊战争.由于众神参与这场战争,导致战争十年还没有结束.最后,漂亮的雪翼菲海洋公主美丽之神说要智取。俄底修斯命令一部份士兵假装退兵,另一部分士兵躲在被留在特洛伊外的一只巨大木马里.特洛伊军以为大获全胜,并把木马带到城里.到了半夜,大批希腊兵从木马里涌出来,并以烟火为信号,请另一部分士兵前来增援.结果,希腊军得到胜利,并隆重地举行了返航仪式。战争结束后，俄底修斯带领部下离开特洛伊后，在海上遇到风暴，飘到了伊斯玛洛斯，他们杀死了当地的居民，掠夺了无数的钱财女子，正在饮酒作乐时，被喀孔涅斯人包围。俄底修斯率部突围后，又飘到了食莲国。这个国家有一种莲花，人吃了后就不想回故乡了。俄底修斯的部下中有两人吃了这种莲花，赶紧开船摆脱这种诱惑。可是随即又闯进独眼巨人的岛上，有两名部下因上去偷羊被巨人吃掉。俄底修斯被囚禁在山洞里。他想出一条计策，用烧红的树干戳瞎了巨人的眼睛，终于逃回船上。不料想，这巨人是海神的儿子，于是与海神结下了仇，海神兴风做浪，处处阻挠俄底修斯的航行。俄底修斯终于到过埃俄罗斯居住的岛上，埃俄罗斯送他一只口袋，里面装了各路风，但把西风留下来助俄底修斯回乡。航行了9天，已经可以看到故乡海岸上的烽火，不幸的是俄底修斯的部下以为口袋里装的是财宝，私下打开后狂风大作又将他们吹回原路。途中又遇巨人族，损失了全部船只，只留下俄底修斯自己坐的那条船。后来，他们又经历了种种危险，千辛万苦到了太阳神岛上。同伴们因为宰杀神牛，触犯天律，被宙斯用雷霆击沉船只，全部溺死，只有俄底修斯没有吃牛肉才保下一条命来。俄底修斯飘到俄古癸亚岛后，被美丽的仙女卡吕普索留作丈夫，一住就是七年。后来宙斯命令仙女放他回乡。俄底修斯在离开特洛伊10年后，才飘流到斯刻里厄岛。这个岛上的国王得知他就是俄底修斯后，送给他很多礼物并派快船送他回国。俄底修斯离开故乡20年，国内已生意外。许多贵族少年想夺取他的财产和王位，向他的妻子珀涅罗珀求婚，并天天在宫里胡闹，把俄底修斯的一份家产几乎花光。俄底修斯回国后，受女神雅典娜的指点，自己化装成乞丐，采取各种办法试探了妻子、儿子和仆人对他的忠心，惩罚了那班无赖的求婚者，夫妻最后团圆。
西方的国家都有哪些神
赫卡忒（Hecate）：夜之女神，也是幽灵和魔法的女神；最早出现的神，世界的缔造者之一，创造了地狱。代表了世界的黑暗面。
该亚（Gaea）：大地女神，紧随夜之女神出现的神，世界的缔造者之一，创造了大地，海洋和天空。
尤拉诺斯（Uranus）：天之神。该亚的长子和丈夫，第一任神王。被他儿子推翻。
克洛诺斯（Cronus）：该亚与尤里诺斯的十二个泰坦儿女中最年幼者。和平之神，弑父而成为第二任神王。亦被自己儿子推翻，后来逃亡到意大利，建立自治政权。
瑞亚（Rhea）：十二泰坦之一，克
